Soil salinity refers to the concentration of soluble salts present in the soil. These salts accumulate over time through various natural and human- induced processes, and when present in high concentrations, they can severely impact agricultural productivity and plant health. The primary measurement used to assess soil salinity is Electrical Conductivity (EC), typically expressed in deciSiemens per meter (dS/m). This measurement works because dissolved salts increase the soil's ability to conduct electrical current; the more salts present, the higher the conductivity reading. Understanding where your soil falls on the salinity spectrum is crucial

Balance is essential to maintain and regulate our planet. Unfortunately, anthropogenic activities have disturbed this balance. Each activity humans perform have an impact on our planet, such as building, eating, heating, travelling, transportation, electricity, etc. From this perspective, our everyday activities should be evaluated and considered, in order to minimize our actions’ negative consequences. However, how can you measure or calculate the harmful effect of your activities? A simple, but effective, solution is the carbon footprint, but what does it mean and how does it work?

Agriculture is the backbone of all civilizations, and the stronger this backbone is the stronger the civilization will be. Agricultural systems are man-made systems with the aim of cultivating the largest number of crops possible within the system. However, it makes no sense to follow a system that meets the aim we need if we can not sustain the system for years to come. Additionally, human and soil health should be evaluated as well, and the overall environmental effects should be studied before adopting any agricultural system. From this perspective, agronomists realized that the highest yield/production is not a reliable indicator for the efficiency or the sustainability

The impact of using biofertilizers (Bio Nova Plus and Bio Nova Q) on bean yields. A real-life success story in Berket El Sabaa, Menoufia Governorate, where yields reached 65 kg per qerat without any chemical fertilizers. Under the supervision of the Royal Green Biotech scientific team.

Corn rust (Puccinia sorghi – Common Rust; Puccinia polysora – Southern Rust; Physopella zeae – Tropical Rust) represents one of the most economically significant fungal diseases affecting maize (Zea mays) production worldwide, including in Egypt. As an obligate biotrophic pathogen, the rust fungus depends entirely on living host tissue for growth and reproduction. In Egypt, corn rust threatens both summer and winter maize crops, with yield losses ranging from 10–40% in susceptible varieties under favorable conditions. Warm, humid weather and dense plant populations accelerate disease spread dramatically. Unlike soil-bo

Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria Modern agriculture faces pressure to reduce reliance on synthetic fertilizers while maintaining crop productivity and soil health. Synthetic nitrogen fertilizers, while effective, contribute significantly to environmental degradation through greenhouse gas emissions, water pollution, and soil acidification. The agricultural sector accounts for approximately 78% of global ammonia emissions and contributes substantially to nitrous oxide production, a potent greenhouse gas. Simultaneously, synthetic fertilizer production requires enormous energy inputs and depletes finite fossil fuel resources. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria have emerged as